Samudrika Shastra (Sanskrit: समुद्रक शस्त्र), part of the Indian astrology, is the study of face reading, aura reading, and whole body analysis. The Sanskrit term "Samudrika Shastra" translates roughly as "knowledge of body features." It is related to astrology and palmistry (Hast-samudrika), as well as phrenology (kapal-samudrik) and face reading (physiognomy, mukh-samudrik).[1][2] It is also one of the themes incorporated into the ancient Hindu text, the Garuda Purana.[3]
The system of human marks finds a mention in various jyotisha-shastra and dharma-shastra texts, but it emerged as an independent shastra (field of study) with the composition of various texts collectively called the samudrika-shastras (IAST: Sāmudrika-śāstras). Many of these texts are undated: the Sanskrit-language Samudrika-tilaka, one of the earliest important works, was composed in the 12th century CE.[4]
Samudrika Lakshanam In Malayalam Pdf 13
Around 600[5] samudrika-shastra manuscripts , often anonymous or attributed to legendary authors, are available. The titles of most of these manuscripts are Samudrika-lakshana, Samudrika, Samudraka-shastra, or Samudrika-lakshana. Less common titles include Samudrika-nirupana, Samudrika-samkshepa, and Samudrika-vichara. Most of these manuscripts are anonymous, but others are attributed Samudra, Narayana, Haridasa, Narada (e.g. Samudrika-nirupana), Vararuchi (e.g. Samudrika-lakshana), Garga, or Vishnudatta.[6] One Tamil language manuscript titled Samudrika-lakshana (Sāmudrika-lakṣaṇa) at the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library in Chennai presents itself as a revealation from the god Subrahmanya to the sage Agastya.[7] A comprehensive study of these manuscripts has not been done, but many of them appear to be extractions, redactions, or consolidations of pre-existing material.[6] Many of the extracts come from the Puranas (Bhavishya, Vishnu-dharmottara, Skanda) and the Brhat-samihta. Several manuscripts included verses from the Gargiya-jyotisha, Rati-rahasya, and other Puranas (Vishnu and Matsya).[8]
Other works on the topic include Samudrika-sara by Shankara or Narayana-suri and Samudrikadesha by Damodara.[9] Samudrika-maha-shastra, an anonymous manuscript from Nepal, dated 17 September 1800, contains 32 chapters in form of a dialogue between the deities Ganga and Samudra. In Jain literature, two notable samudrika-shastra texts are Samudrika-lakshana of Jaipur, and Samudrika by Pandita Padam-sinha of Ajmer.[10]
Over 50 manuscripts of various samudrika-shastra texts contain a commentary or translation, mostly in non-Sanskrit regional languages such as including Prakrit, Hindi, Brajbhasha, Newari, Rajasthani, Gujarati, Marathi, Maru-Gurjura, Odia, Tamil, and Malayalam. The oldest manuscript with a commentary is titled Samudrika-lakshana (1507 CE): it comes from a Jain collection of Rajasthan, and features a Hindi commentary.[15] 2ff7e9595c
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